Monetary Policy Responds to Stock Market Movements Dissertation

Monetary Policy Responds to Stock Market Movements - Dissertation Example According to Bernanke and Gertler (2001) changes in asset prices (including stock prices) should only impact monetary policies to the extent that they affect the central banks forecast of inflation. Therefore, the target of monetary policy is inflation and not specifically stock prices. Hayford and Malliaris (2002) used different methodologies to determine whether monetary policy has influenced the stock market since it crashed on October 19, 1987. The results indicate that, rather than using the Federal Funds rate policy to offset increases in the value of the stock market above estimates of fundamentals, Federal Fund policy has on average accommodated what is considered to be overvaluation of the stock market. Hayward and Malliaris (2002) found evidence in the FOMC minutes which is consistent with Taylor (1993). Taylor’s (1993) rule suggests that Federal Funds rate target has largely been st in response to inflation and measures of excess demand and therefore is not solely a response to offset potential stock market valuations. Rigobon and Sack (2003) employed an identification technique based on the heteroskedasticity of stock market returns in order to determine the response of monetary policy to stock market movements. Using daily and weekly movements in interest rates and stock prices between 1985 and 1999 Rigobon and Sack (2003) found that the response of monetary policy to stock market movements was significant. The results showed a 5% rise (fall) in the Standard and Poor’s (S&P) 500.... reases in the value of the stock market above estimates of fundamentals, Federal Fund policy has on average accommodated what is considered to be overvaluation of the stock market. Hayward and Malliaris (2002) found evidence in the FOMC minutes which is consistent with Taylor (1993). Taylor’s (1993) rule suggests that Federal Funds rate target has largely been st in response to inflation and measures of excess demand and therefore is not solely a response to offset potential stock market valuations. Rigobon and Sack (2003) employed an identification technique based on the heteroskedasticity of stock market returns in order to determine the response of monetary policy to stock market movements. Using daily and weekly movements in interest rates and stock prices between 1985 and 1999 Rigobon and Sack (2003) found that the response of monetary policy to stock market movements was significant. The results showed a 5% rise (fall) in the Standard and Poor’s (S&P) 500 Index, i ncreasing the possibility of a 25 basis point tightening (easing) by about one half. These results suggest that stock market movements have a significant impact on short term interest rates, driving them in the direction as the change in stock prices. This Rigobon and Sack (2003) attribute to the anticipated reaction of monetary policy to stock market increases. Fuhrer and Tootell (2004) focused on the fact that methods used in earlier literature fail to adequately separate what they describe as the observational equivalence problem. In addition Fuhrer and Tootell (2004) showed that after controlling for the information that that enters the Federal Open Market Committee’s (FOMC’s) decision making process stock market prices have had no independent effect on monetary policy. Cassala and Morena

Gun and Trade Show Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Gun and Trade Show - Case Study Example These shows have to take into consideration the rules and regulation, legislations and laws of the local area where the exhibition or show will happen. To have a market plan about the gun and knife show the industry and SWOT analysis need to be done by the company. This helps in dominating the show and to attract more prospects. Before going for a marketing plan in the Tyler in state of Texas, the company should keep in view that the number of federally licensed gun dealers in United States has dropped between period 1995 and 2005. This may due to the reforms implemented by Clinton administration. This can be result of law made after 1993 Brady Handgun violence prevention act and violent crime control and law enforcement act. This resulted in fall in the number of people holding licensed fire arms by 78 percent as they did not qualify for the provisions of the laws. This made the market diminish to 25 percent of the previous size. The number of companies that produce fire arms also decreased in the same manner. The decrease of the market for the guns and weapons resulted in decrease of type 1 FFLs in United States from 2, 45,628 to 54,902 in 2005. This compels any company to make their products more innovative with safety arrangements and should think about making them available for cheaper prices. 1 2.1 Arrangements to with stand competition: The gun and trade show in Tyler will help the company in presenting their products. This needs the knowledge about the strategies of competitors. As the companies are less in number the organizers should plan the dates of the show in the time that witnesses no other shows like music, fine arts, circus and any other trade shows. As the market is very less, the people should be leisure to visit the show. The planning of the show in the absence of other show compels to announce the show dates within a short period from the date of commencement. This minimizes the chance of any other industry to plan the trade shows in those dates in Tyler. 2 2.2 Local Restrictions regarding gun trade shows: In general Texas administration follows the standard gun owner's line. The gun toting criminals are liable for tough penalties. As a result the guns and pistols were subjected to restricted use. This resulted in restrictions on trade shows. The tougher penalties on the criminals resulted in the decrease of the market for the guns. This will decrease the number of customers and the company should take a decision regarding attracting the rich and wealthier customers as the licenses and the guns are made costly by government legislations. The weapons should have concealed ones, the ways to conceal the weapons can be adopted to attract the customers in the show in Tyler as Texas administration is insisting on concealed weapons. The show arranged must be prepared for the instant background check instead of three day waiting period. 3. Competitive Analysis 3.1 Strengths: The manufacturers are less in number and the show can include almost all the front runners in the gun industry in the show. This results in top level manufacturers to participate in the show. As the gun is made costly and though the market decreased, the number of